It is now established that search engine optimization depends as much on the quality of the content as it is on the structure that virtually holds the information providing portal or website promotion together.

Web design presents information graphically on the internet through Web sites and Web applications for variety of purpose from commercial to personal. Web design content is organized by variety of languages and media.

Objective of Course Introduction to FTP and Terminology, FTP Servers and Authentication, Line Mode FTP and Common Commands, GUL-based FTP Clients, Browser-based FTP Clients FTP File Transfer Protocol is the expanded is the expanded form of FTP. It is the simplest way to upload and download files over a network. When downloading a file, you are transferring the file to your computer form another computer over the Internet. You can use FTP to exchange files between computer accounts, to transfer files between an account and a desktop computer, or to access, to software archives on San Francisco web design the Internet. An FTP address is similar to an HTTP or Website address except that it uses the Prefix instead Usually, a computer with an FTP address is dedicated to receive an FTP connection. A computer that is set up to host Web pages is referred to as a Web server or Website. A computer that is dedicated to receiving an FTP connection is referred to as an FTP server or FTP site. History or FTP 1971 –First proposed file transfer mechanism February, 1973- First ‘official’ FTP document which was a protocol for file transfer between hosts on the ARPANET. In this document, the primary function of FTP is defined as transferring files efficiently and reliably among hosts and allowing the convenient use of remote file storage capabilities. June, 0980- Specification of FTP 1985- Standard FTP What is an FTP server? An FTP server is a way of sharing files with other people on the Internet .you set up an FTP server and other people can download files you have on your hard disk. This provides you with an easy way of sharing files. An FTP server allows uploading which means’ a user is sending files to your FTP server and downloading which means a user is transferring files form your FTP server. Server offer features that are different form each other. File Resume - Allows the client to start downloading a file form specific byte offset. This is important because it is the way many download acceleration engines work. Instead of relying on one connection for a single stream of data for the file, it opens up four connections. Each file stream downloads a specific California web design quarter of the file form a specific byte offset to another specific byte offset. Other common uses for this feature on FTP server are to resume a broken transfer. If, for this some reason, a download crashes or breaks off at some point during the download, the client software is able to make use of this feature on the server in order to be able to resume and complete the file download. OS Integration - Some of the newer and more comprehensive server out there offers Operating System Integration- the ability to restrict access rights on the FTP server and its directories based on domain or local permissions. That way, an administrator can set up an account and the FTP server will use COM+ events to leam of the account creation and hence set up the user and its access rights in the FTP server’s user access.

It's catch 22 - you have to be listed high in the search engine results to get more web traffic and to get listed high in the results, you have to attract lots of web traffic. Regrettably, rich content is no longer the only valuable resource sought by web visitors.

What is Reliable Web Hosting? The internet has taken the world by storm and has made itself an essential tool in reaching prospective customers and keeping in touch with your family and friends. When looking for products and services, your customers, if they are like most consumers around the world, will first look to the internet for guidance, reviews, and information on the companies that they will choose from for their prospective new provider of service “x”. These are very exciting times for the global community, and the biggest question that you need to ask yourself is, where am I in this global community? Have I made myself accessible to the community at large, and have I made the proper effort in securing my place in the running for new business from today's consumer? If you have not yet opened your online storefront, then the answer is a definite no. If you have not identified yourself on the internet, then you cannot be found there. You may have submitted yourself to sites that offer online advertising, and you might have registered yourself to online directories for your trade, but your own website is the key to introducing your customer to your product line or your services in general. You can essentially compose a menu of all available services and pricing matrices, or you can even produce an entire online catalog with the option of purchasing your wares directly from your website. These sorts of advancements are revolutionizing today's business exchanges, and if you are not enjoying the excitement of these advancements yourself in your everyday transactions, then the odds are poor that you will be able to compete and survive in the coming years. There is help out there for those of us that are not sure of exactly how you go about establishing an online presence or creating an online voice, but where do you go to find your start? Firstly, you will want to find a company that can provide you with reliable web hosting. Without reliability, you cannot be sure that you will be seen when your future customer is looking for your services. You will want to decide on the domain name and check the availability of that name. This name should be one that your customers can easily identify and remember so that the next time that they are in need of your services they can easily find their way back to you, when you choose your web host be sure that they offer domain names registration so that you can check the availability and secure your site name. For web design and development, you will want to find a host that also offers either an experienced web designer for your assistance, or an easy to use online site builder. When you choose a friendly service from a UK company, the sky is the limit for your online business. Once you get started with a quality, reputable provider you are on the right track to establishing a competitive online presence, and improved marketing and sales.

Building a website is not as easy as 1-2-3. First thing you have to consider is your web design, next comes the more technical stuff that you would have to learn. Web design is the arrangement of web pages that make up a website. Starting a web design is a process that involves conceptualization, modeling, and execution. It is through this process that you can easily create a web design. To conceptualize means creating a flowchart-- a flowchart shows how you would like your website to flow. It shows primary headings and subsections of each heading. This will aid you in steps 2 and 3. The modeling stage lets you create a layout for the website. It will show a skeleton view of each of the web pages. It will help you plan where your elements will be placed; elements being audio, video, graphics, sounds, etc. Last step is execution, wherein you will implement your planned web design. All throughout the process, you should keep in mind that the web design must be well organized and user-friendly. The four basic things to consider in designing a website are: • Content – it must be relevant and should be in line with its main purpose. Add to this, it must also be able to convey the right message to the target audience. • Usability – it has been mentioned that a website must be user-friendly so visitors won’t find it hard to navigate through the website. • Appearance – the website must have the right amount of elements. Do not exaggerate it. Make sure that design looks professional and appealing at the same time. Also, too much video, audio, and images in a website takes longer to load than usual and this can definitely annoy visitors. • Visibility – it is crucial that the website is easily tracked by search engines to increase traffic and some advertisements. Common errors done in web design would include: • Failure to have a target audience and purpose. This happens when there is too much content in the website that the purpose gets lost in all the non-important elements. • Navigation errors. This would include broken links that easily annoy visitors when they are directed to an error page. Another would be having too many hyperlinks to get to the target page. It is a poor web design when the user has to click on a lot of links. • Appearance. o A web design is poor when color schemes are not friendly to the eyes; like neon-colored combinations. o Fonts. Make use of fonts that are commonly installed in other people’s browsers. Also, choose fonts that are easy to read. o Theme. Be consistent with the theme used all throughout the webpage. o Too many advertisements. They tend to mess up the web page and appear disorderly. It takes the user’s attention from the main website. o Spelling errors make the website appear unprofessional • Because of too much elements in the web design, the website takes forever too load. • Browser Incompatibility. It is not the user’s fault if he is not using Internet Explorer or Firefox. So make sure the web design can be viewed by any web browser. The key idea in web design is to create it suited to the target audience with the ability to convey the purpose clearly. If this is fulfilled then you have created an effective website that can attract traffic.

Objective of Course Evolution of www, Basic Features, www Browsers, www Servers, HTTP, Universal Resource Locator (URL), Search Engines and their Categories Searching Criterion, www and Hypertext Evolution of ‘WWW’ Gopher is a communications method or protocol for retrieving text and file-based information form the internet. San Francisco Web Design at the University of Minnesota, gopher quickly became an Internet standard. When gopher was first developed, the programs that used this method for accessing Internet information wear also called Gopher. Today, programs that use this method of retrieval are referred to as Gopher Clients. The programs called Gopher is also considered a Gopher client. The Gopher protocol is designed to allow easy access to text and file-based information that is distributed across different machines on the Internet .Gopher allows you to connect to remote computer known as Gopher Servers and browse information that has been made available on them. Typically, you use Gopher by starting at a local machine and following connections form that machine to other sources of data. At each new machine, there are often connections to other computers. The interconnection of data and machine was the precursor to what has come to be called the World Wide Web. Word Wide Web The Word Wide Web (also known as the Web, www and sometimes W3) is the area of the Internet that has received tremendous focus in the last few years. Many people think that the Web is the Internet. However, the Web is just a part of the Internet, albeit a very major part. The Web is made up of ‘ sites’ – a site being where someone has placed files that can be accessed by those connected to the Internet. The files are of different types- text, graphic, video, sound, etc-and they are on computers around the world. They constitute a vast amount of information on several subjects .The files are accessed using IP addressing and a specific protocol called ‘http’ The California Web Design works on the client/ server model. You use a client program that passes your request for information to a server. The server obtains the information and passes it back to your client. The client software that you used to access the Web is called a browser’ Popular browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. With all of these browsers, you can see graphic files on the Web. There are some text-only browsers, such as Lynx. What is a browser? A Web browser is a program that you can use to view files on the Internet, including images, text, sound video. A graphic Web browser is a browser that enables you to view multimedia content such as images, audio, and video, on the Internet. The first graphic Web browser was ‘Mosaic’ that was developed in 1993 b the National Center for Supercomputing Application at the University of Illinois. Mac Andreessen and six fellow students developed the program for creating the Mosaic browser while working on a University –sponsored computer project. This program has contributed immensely to developing and propagating the World Wide Web to the forefront of Internet to tools.

Website design and construction is one of the core business activities that can make or break your business.

A well designed website is an effective way of instilling confidence for a small business, and it also makes the business look bigger than its actual size. Today, customers assume that there will be a website for every single business because it is the most convenient and essential thing to have for every successful business.

You have your own website, now what? In order to succeed online, you will need website promotion so your site would be visible to everyone connected to the Internet. It is a common belief that all websites are searchable by search engines. It’s not as simple as it seems. Website promotion entails a lot of work. Website promotion suggests that submitting your site to directories first is more important than submitting to search engines. These two are different in such a way that sites submitted to directories are only approved if it has high quality and useful content, whereas search engines just simply accept submissions of sites or pages. In submitting a website to the directory, make sure that you read and follow the directory’s rules and instructions. Keep in mind that the editors will be very discerning of your web content. Submitting to search engines definitely helps in website promotion but this takes quite a while, usually around 3-6 months. There are things to consider when submitting to search engines, you must prepare your website. Also, you will need to learn SEO or search engine optimization. You may do this by optimizing your website by improving the elements of web design like loading time, browser compatibility, etc. Another is keyword optimization wherein you make use of appropriate keywords; these would greatly help in your website. Other website promotion techniques are: • Link popularity - wherein you let people link your site to theirs. In this way, you can generate more new visitors and at the same time improve your ranking in search engines. • Write articles – that are useful to your website and let other people publish these like in article directories. You may also opt for email newsletters that include a link to your website. In this way, your subscribers are informed and updated on what’s going on in your website promotion. • Post to a forum or discussion boards. Forums are greatly increasing their popularity and this is a good way to spread the word about your website promotion. • In line with posting a forum, you may also want to use a signature file, a text that is appended at the end of your every post. • Improve website promotion through banner ads displayed in other websites related to your content. But be sure that your ad is well-designed. • Write a press release – this can definitely help in website promotion. You have to write an article about your website and submit it to different publications and you’ll get new visitors in no time at all! Now you know what to do, know what you have to avoid as well. One of the common mistakes made is relying on free web hosting service. It’s harder for search engines to detect your website if it is hosted on a free host. If you mean serious business and eyeing it as long-term, then paid web hosting is the way to go. There are some companies that promise to submit your website to thousands of search engines at a very low price, do not be fooled. Majority of these directories and engines have very minimal traffic. Website promotion can be tricky but with good research, you and your business will succeed before you know it.

Website development activities help in effective sales promotion and advertising of your product and are an ideal vehicle for selling your products on e-commerce sites.

0bjective of course Internet protocols, TCP/IP: IP Address and its Format, TCP/IP-based packages, SLIP, PPP Network and Network Devices: Network Architecture, Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM Characteristics of Local Area Network & wide Area Network: Topolofy, protocols And media, Implementation, Transmission, Access method and Technologies Addressing in internet: DNS, Domain Name and their organization, nderstanding internet protocol Address Client server Concepts: Architecture and Applications Getting Connected: items needed to connect, Levels of connectivity What are Protocols? A protocol is a standard format for transmitting data between two devices. The protocol determines the following: The type of error checking to be used Data compression method, if any The method by which the sending device will indicate that the transmission is complete A protocol describes the format that a massage must take and the way in which computers must exchange a message web design within the context of a particular activity. The activities include sending message across networks, xchanging e-mail, establishing remote connections and transferring files. Two etworking models support open system interconnection. The first model-TCP/IP-is based on a of protocols in which each protocol solves a particular network communications problem. The second modal –OSI-is based on international standards. What is TCP/IP? The name CTP/IP refers to a set of data communication protocols. The name is misleading because TCP and IP are only two of the several protocols that compose the set. The name TCP/IP comes form two of the more important in the suite: The Transmission control protocol (TCP) and the internet protocol (IP). TCP/IP originated out of the investigative research into networking web design protocols that the Department of Defence (DoD) initiated in 1969. In 1968, the DoD Advanced Research projects Agency (ARPA) began researching the network technology that is now called packet switching. The original focus of this research was to facilitate communication among the DoD community. The network that was initially constructed as a result of this research, then called ARPANET, gradually became known as the internet. The TCP/IP protocols played an important role in the development of the internet .TCP/IP protocols wear developed in the early 80s. In 1983, they became standard protocols for the ARPANET. Owing to the history of the TCP/IP protocol suite, it is often referred to as the internet protocol suite. Open system interconnection (osi) OSI stands for open system interconnection. This model describes the flow of data on a computer network form physical connections to the end-user application. The OSI model defines a layered architecture in the form of a stack. A specific function occurs at each layer. When two systems communicate on the network, information is sent down through the protocol stack of one system, over the cable and then up through the protocol stack to the appropriate layer on the other system. Data flow under the OSI model is organized into seven layers (as in fig2.1) Physical Layer The physical layer of the OSI model establishes the physical characteristics of the network such as the type of cable, connectors, and length of the cable. This layer also defines the electrical characteristics of the signals used to transmit data.